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Showing posts from April, 2011

HOW TO TAKE CARE OF YOUR HEART IF YOU HAVE HEART FAILURE

Taking care of yourself increases your chances of living a long and healthy life. Here is information about ways you can take care of your heart. Important information for patients with heart failure Call your doctor if you experience any of the following: 1. Increasing shortness of breath 2. Lack of sleep due to shortness of breath or difficulty breathing 3. Swelling or increased swelling in your legs and feet 4. Fainting or near blackouts 5. Chest discomfort (heart pain) that is more frequent or more severe If you experience chest discomfort (heart pain) that is not promptly relieved by rest, take nitroglycerin every five minutes for three doses. If the chest discomfort (heart pain) is not relieved by nitroglycerin or if the chest discomfort lasts longer than 20 minutes, call 911. You may be having a heart attack. What is heart failure? Heart failure occurs when your heart is not able to pump as much blood as your body needs. This inability to pump enough blood may be ca

ARKADMEDLAB: BLOOD FILM FOR MALARIA PARASITES

ARKADMEDLAB: BLOOD FILM FOR MALARIA PARASITES

BLOOD FILM FOR MALARIA PARASITES

BLOOD FILM FOR MALARIA PARASITES OBJECTIVES: To detect the presence of malaria parasites in blood. Stained thick and films are used to diagnose malaria and other blood parasites. PROCEDURE: Place one large drop of well-mixed blood in the center of a clean glass slide. Using the corner of a second slide, carefully spread the drop or the blood over an       area of 10-12mm. To determine the thickness of the film, place the slide on a piece of newspaper. Small print should just be visible through the blood film. Dry the film at room temperature. Prepare 1 in 10 dilution of the stock Giemsa. Cover the entire smear with the diluted Giemsa stain and stain for at least 10 minutes. Wash gently in buffer (7.2) and leave slide top dry in an upright position at room temperature. Examine under 100 x objective lens for the presence or absence of malaria (BLOOD) parasites. PRECAUTIONS: v   pH of the Buffer 7.2 mu

Compare the antidepressant MAOIs and SSRIs in terms of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and mode of action.

a.        PHARMACOKINETICS The monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. The hydrazide inhibitor phenelzine is acetylated in the liver and manifests differences in elimination depending on the acetylation phenotype of the individual. However, inhibition of MAO persists even after these drugs are no longer detectable in plasma. Therefore, conventional pharmacokinetic parameters (half-life, etc) are not very helpful in governing dosage. It is prudent to assume that the drug effect will persist for from 7 days (tranylcypromine) to 2 or 3 weeks (phenelzine) after discontinuance of the drug whiles the pharmacokinetic parameters of these SSRIs eg. fluoxetine is notable for the long half-life of its active metabolite, norfluoxetine (7–9 days at steady state). This long t 1/2 has allowed for the introduction of a formulation for once-weekly dosing. Fluoxetine inhibits various drug-metabolizing enzymes, which has led to a number of significant d